Orthopedic Surgery Residencies: The Leap to Social Media.

Social media has been previously shown to influence applicants' perception of plastic surgery residencies and increase their likelihood to apply, interview, and rank the program. We wanted to analyze this hypothesized trend in the context of orthopedic surgery residency while also characterizing the content of orthopedic surgery residency program accounts. A current list of US orthopedic residency programs was acquired from the American Orthopaedic Association and cross-referenced with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education webpage of all orthopedic surgery residencies. Forty-five of 185 (24%) residencies had residency-specific Instagram accounts. We analyzed the number of followers, the number of posts, and the date of the first post for each account. We characterized content by categories including science education, recruitment or hospital promotion, resident highlight, news coverage, events, and community building posts. We analyzed the "social currency" of each post and program, tracking the number of likes, comments, and followers. Twenty-seven of 45 (60%) active residency Instagram pages were created in 2020, with 13 of 45 (29%) pages created in June 2020 alone. Residency programs are increasingly turning to Instagram to showcase the residents at their programs, their lifestyles, and program strengths. Sixty percent of all orthopedic residency Instagram accounts were created in 2020 alone, likely precipitated by travel concerns from COVID-19 forcing programs to conduct online interviews and cancel away rotations this application cycle. Going forward, residency programs will continue using Instagram to recruit potential residents, leaving programs without social media accounts at a relative disadvantage in terms of visibility and their ability to recruit qualified applicants. [Orthopedics. 2023;46(5):e281-e286.].

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome in adult hospitalized patients / Síndrome posparo cardiaco en pacientes adultos hospitalizados

Abstract Adult In-hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA) is defined as the loss of circulation of an in-patient. Following high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), if the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is achieved, the post-cardiac arrest syndrome develops (PCAS). This review is intended to discuss the current diagnosis and treatment of PCAS. To approach this topic, a bibliography search was conducted through direct digital access to the scientific literature published in English and Spanish between 2014 and 2020, in MedLine, SciELO, Embase and Cochrane. This search resulted in 248 articles from which original articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical practice guidelines were selected for a total of 56 documents. The etiologies may be divided into 56% of in-hospital cardiac, and 44% of non-cardiac arrests. The incidence of this physiological collapse is up to 1.6 cases/1,000 patients admitted, and its frequency is higher in the intensive care units (ICU), with an overall survival rate of 13% at one year. The primary components of PCAS are brain injury, myocardial dysfunction and the persistence of the precipitating pathology. The mainstays for managing PCAS are the prevention of cardiac arrest, ventilation support, control of peri-cardiac arrest arrythmias, and interventions to optimize neurologic recovery. A knowledgeable healthcare staff in PCAS results in improved patient survival and future quality of life. Finally, there is clear need to do further research in the Latin American Population.

Resumen El paro cardiaco intrahospitalario en el adulto (IHCA) se define como el cese de circulación ocurrido dentro de las instalaciones hospitalarias. Después de la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) de alta calidad, si se logra el retorno de circulación espontánea (ROSC), aparece entonces el síndrome posparo cardiaco (SPPC). En esta revisión se pretende presentar el estado actual del diagnóstico y tratamiento del SPPC. Para abordar este tema, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica mediante la consulta digital directa de la literatura científica publicada entre 2014 y 2020 en inglés y español recogida en las bases de datos MedLine, SciELO, Embase y Cochrane. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 248 artículos, de los cuales se eligieron artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y guías de práctica clínica, para una selección final de 56 documentos. Las etiologías del paro cardiaco intrahospitalario se pueden dividir en cardiacas y no cardiacas, en el 56 % y 44 %, respectivamente. El colapso fisiológico tiene incidencias de hasta 1,6 casos/1.000 pacientes admitidos, y es más frecuente en las unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI), con una tasa de supervivencia general de 1 año del 13 %. Los componentes principales del SPPC son la lesión cerebral, la disfunción miocárdica y la persistencia de la patología precipitante. Los pilares del manejo del SPPC son la prevención del paro cardiaco, soporte ventilatorio, control de arritmias periparo cardiaco y las intervenciones para optimizar la recuperación neurológica. El conocimiento del SPPC por parte del personal de la salud ofrece mejor sobrevida y futura calidad de vida a los pacientes. Finalmente, se resalta la clara necesidad de ahondar en mayores investigaciones en la población latinoamericana.

A Scoping Review of Non-Communicable Diseases and Maternal and Child Health Needs of Venezuelan Migrants in South America.

BACKGROUND: Migration of Venezuelan citizens to other South American countries has increased in recent years. While the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of infectious diseases in Venezuelan migrants across South America appears to be well described, the non-communicable disease (NCD) and maternal and child health needs in this population is less clear. A scoping review of existing peer-reviewed primary research and grey literature describing the epidemiology of NCDs and maternal and child health needs in Venezuelan migrants in major South American host countries was performed in order to highlight important gaps in knowledge. METHODS: A scoping review was performed of peer-reviewed research and grey literature for NCD and maternal and child health needs among Venezuelan migrants living in the following host South American countries with greater than 100,000 migrants: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. A total of 47 electronic databases were searched for primary research published between 2017 and 2020 in either English or Spanish. RESULTS: Out of 1,098 initial articles retrieved, 17 records met inclusion criteria, with the majority identified from the grey literature. Most studies were published in 2019 and most were either primary reports published by non-governmental organizations within the grey literature search or cross-sectional qualitative studies. Studies came from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Peru, with three records offering a regional perspective. Most studies provided broad data on NCDs and maternal and child health needs but lacked granular statistics. Our analysis found the rate of chronic disease among Venezuelan migrants to range from 9-14% within countries who reported this data. Significant rates of psychiatric conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder were reported. Other conditions described were ophthalmologic diseases, diabetes, chronic pain, asthma, cough, dyslipidemia, hypertension, arthritis, malnutrition, and obstetric complications, although exact statistics were limited. Obstacles to care included lack of healthcare access and affordability. CONCLUSIONS: Existing reports discuss important needs related to NCDs and maternal and child health in Venezuelan migrants in South American countries, but there are significant gaps in knowledge. Further research must describe in greater detail the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of NCDs and maternal and child health needs in Venezuelan migrants in this region in order to assist local governments and international humanitarian organizations with providing strategic and unified responses.

A Review of Factors Associated with Age of First Injection.

Injection drug use (IDU) is of increasing public health concern in the United States. Misuse of and addiction to opioids has contributed to declining life expectancies and rebounding risk of HIV and HCV acquisition among people who inject drugs. While some effective treatment strategies for individuals with substance use disorders have been established, effective interventions to prevent IDU require greater tailoring to subpopulations and social contexts. To better understand contextual variables associated with initiation of IDU, we conducted a narrative review of the existing literature that assessed correlates of age of first injection. We found sixteen studies that met our inclusion criteria. Across studies, later IDU initiation was associated with being African American and female, while early initiation was associated with earlier illicit substance use, childhood trauma, and incarceration. We also found that early initiation was associated with riskier substance-using behaviors, though the findings were mixed with respect to differences between early and late initiates in infectious disease prevalence. These correlates of age of first injection can potentially inform tailored injection prevention strategies. By identifying the features and behaviors of relevant subpopulations before they inject, interventions to prevent IDU could become more effective.

[Death from external causes in infants in Colombia 2005-2013]. / Muertes de causa externa en menores de cinco años en Colombia 2005-2013.

Latin America has shown a significant reduction in infant mortality in recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze official data for children under five years of age in Colombia, emphasizing external causes of death, which have been less studied. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional design using secondary information from death records reported by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and information dynamic tables of vital statistics, taken from the official information system of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (SISPRO), between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. The information was organized in tables for descriptive analysis of variables such as age, sex, and specific cause of death, by departments. RESULTS: In this period 106,339 children under 5 years died; 85,897 of them (81%) in the first year of life. The number of deaths decreased from 14.266 in 2005, to 9.499 in 2013. The main external cause of death was drowning, responsible for 1749 deaths, followed by traffic accidents, 1.282. Homicides were responsible for 692 deaths. In all the causes of death analyzed there was a decline over the decade. DISCUSSION: Colombia is accomplishing the fourth millennium goal, “reduce the mortality of children under 5 years.” Progress has been made in deaths from external causes, but there is still some way to go.

Muertes de causa externa en menores de cinco años en Colombia 2005-2013 / Death from external causes in infants in Colombia 2005-2013

Latinoamérica ha mostrado una reducción importante de la mortalidad infantil en los últimos años. El objetivo del estudio buscó analizar los datos oficiales correspondientes a niños menores de cinco años en Colombia, haciendo énfasis en las causas externas de muerte, que han sido menos estudiadas. Pacientes y Método: Diseño descriptivo y transversal que utilizó información secundaria proveniente de los registros de defunción reportados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y las tablas dinámicas de información de estadísticas vitales del sistema oficial de información del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (SISPRO), entre los años 2005 y 2013. La información se organizó en tablas para el análisis descriptivo de variables como edad, sexo, y causa específica de muerte, por departamentos del país. Resultados: En este período fallecieron 106.339 niños menores de 5 años; 85.897 de ellos (81%) en el primer año de vida. De 14.266 niños fallecidos en 2005, se pasó a 9.499 en 2013. Entre las causas externas de muerte, la primera es ahogamiento, responsable de 1.749 fallecimientos, seguida de accidentes de transporte, con 1.282. Los homicidios fueron responsables de 692 muertes. En todas las causas analizadas hubo un descenso durante el decenio. Discusión: Colombia va cumpliendo el cuarto objetivo del milenio, “reducir la mortalidad de los niños menores de 5 años”. Se ha avanzado en muertes de causa externa, pero todavía hay camino por recorrer.

Latin America has shown a significant reduction in infant mortality in recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze official data for children under five years of age in Colombia, emphasizing external causes of death, which have been less studied. Patients and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional design using secondary information from death records reported by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and information dynamic tables of vital statistics, taken from the official information system of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (SISPRO), between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. The information was organized in tables for descriptive analysis of variables such as age, sex, and specific cause of death, by departments. Results: In this period 106,339 children under 5 years died; 85,897 of them (81%) in the first year of life. The number of deaths decreased from 14.266 in 2005, to 9.499 in 2013. The main external cause of death was drowning, responsible for 1749 deaths, followed by traffic accidents, 1.282. Homicides were responsible for 692 deaths. In all the causes of death analyzed there was a decline over the decade. Discussion: Colombia is accomplishing the fourth millennium goal, “reduce the mortality of children under 5 years.” Progress has been made in deaths from external causes, but there is still some way to go.

Desprendimiento de Retina Bilateral Asociado al Bungee Jumping: Reporte de Caso / Bilateral retinal detachment associate to bungee jumping: Case report

Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente joven con antecedente de miopía bilateral y degeneración en Lattice en el ojo izquierdo (OI), que desarrolló un desprendimiento de retina bilateral después de realizar una actividad de alto riesgo tipo bungee jumping. Diseño: Reporte de caso. Metodología: Reporte de caso retrospectivo mediante la recopilación de datos clínicos, estudios imagenológicos y valoraciones postoperatorias. Resultado: Recuperación de la agudeza visual posterior a tres procedimientos quirúrgicos de 20/400 en ojo derecho (OD) y de 20/30 en OI en el paciente con antecedente de desprendimiento de retina bilateral. Conclusión: El desprendimiento de retina traumático secundario a actividades de alto riesgo donde está implicado el movimiento de latigazo es poco común, sin embargo, la identificación temprana de patologías como la miopía y degeneración en lattice, en personas que van a realizar deportes extremos, debe considerarse. También es importante que las compañías que promocionan este tipo de actividades conozcan esta patología, ya que a pesar de ser infrecuente, puede llegar a desarrollarse.

Purpose: To describe the case of a young patient with a history of bilateral pathologic myopia and lattice degeneration in the left eye who developed bilateral retinal detachment after making a bungee jumping activity. Design: Case report. Methods: A descriptive, case report study type was performed by collecting clinical data, imaging studies and postoperative evaluations. Result: Subsequent recovery of visual acuity after three surgical procedures of 20/400 in right eye and 20/30 in the left eye in the case report patient with a history of bilateral retinal detachment. Conclusion: Traumatic retinal detachment secondary to high-risk activities where is involved the whipping motion is uncommon, however, early identifi cation of diseases as myopia and lattice degeneration in people who practice this extreme sports should be identifi ed. It is also important that companies promoting such activities acquire knowledge about it, taking into account, that despite it is a rare disease, it may develop.

Neovascularización Coroidea Idiopática y Terapia Antiangiogénica con Recuperación Total de Agudeza Visual: reporte de caso / Idiopathic Choroidal Neovascularization and Antiangiogenic Therapy with Full Recovery of Visual Acuity: case report

Objetivo: presentar el caso de un paciente joven con neovascularización coroidea idiopática, con importante compromiso visual unilateral y que con la inyección intravítrea de aflibercept mensual, por tres meses, recuperó completamente la agudeza visual. Diseño: reporte de caso. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo tipo reporte de caso, mediante la recopilación de datos clínicos, estudios imagenológicos y valoraciones postoperatorias. Resultados: mejoría significativa de agudeza visual en paciente con neovascularización coroidea idiopática en ojo izquierdo posterior a tres inyecciones intravítreas de aflibercept mensual. El paciente mejoró de 20/400 a 20/20 al completar el esquema terapéutico. Conclusiones: el esquema de antiangiogénico resultó ser útil para el tratamiento de neovascularización coroidea idiopática en un paciente joven, logrando una recuperación visual y anatómica completa.

Objective: to present the case of a young patient with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization, with significant unilateral visual impairment. He fully recovered visual acuity by appliyng monthly intravitreal aflibercept, for three months. Design: case report. Method: a descriptive, case report study type was performed by collecting clinical data, imaging studies and postoperative evaluations. Results: Significant visual acuity improvement was obtained in the present patient with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization after three monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept. The patient improved from 20/400 to 20/20 when treatment was completed. Conclusions: antiangiogenic schemev could be useful for the treatment of idiopathic choroidal neovascularization, achieving a complete visual and anatomical recovery.